MONUMENT NO. 13460

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Earthwork remains of a Medieval deer park pale and shielings. The deer park was enclosed in 1336 by the Threlkeld Family of Crosby Lodge and extended to about 700 acres.

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[NY615126] Dyke [NR]
[NY611119] Dyke [NR]
[NY612108] Dyke [NR] (1)

Dykes and house-foundations at Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor, 2 m SSW of the church. The main dyke encloses a considerable area, the exact size of which cannot be stated as most of the E. side cannot be traced and there is no apparent return of the N. As it exists, the length of the enclosure is at least 1-1/4 miles, and it is said to have been a deer park. The large number of cross-dykes within the area, however, seems to negative this suggestion. Its position with a ravine running through it and its cross-dykes are very similar to the dyked enclosure at Ravenstonedale. The bank is about 14 ft. wide and the height from 3 to 3-1/2 ft.
Within this enclosure are the foundations of a number of rectangular buildings:-

(a) A two-roomed building (Plan, p. xlvi), the larger room 30 ft. by 16 ft. and an annexe 13 ft. square at the E. end. The room has a three-sided W. end roughly segmental in form. The walls, 3-1/2 ft. thick, have orthostats. Prof. Collingwood (C. and W. Trans., N.S. XXXIII, 211) suggests that this is the Scandinavian or Teutonic type of house.

(b) A two-roomed building, similar to and 100 yards W. of (a), has a room 22 ft. by 14 ft. and an annexe 10 ft. by 13ft.

(c and d) Remains of similar buildings, (c) 140 yards S, of (b), and (d) 110 yards W.S.W. of (c).

(e) Rctangular building, 3/4 m. S. of (d) and 200 yards W.N.W. of King's Well, is about 42 ft. by 10 ft.

(f) Rectangular building, 130 yards W.S.W. of (e), is about 30 ft. by 13 ft.

Condition of dyke-fairly good. (2)

Investigated in 25" area only (NY 6112). Where best preserved these banks are from 3.0 to 4.0m in width with a maximum height of 1.0m. Two sections have been reduced or destroyed by ploughing. The whole enclosure bank, together with the isolated steadings (a) and (b), a group of three additional steadings at NY 6124 1227, and a sub-rectangular, stone-walled enclosure (approximately 26.0 x 12.0m) at NY 6135 1238, are suggestive of a former cultivation system, probably Md or later. Published survey (25") revised. (3)

The whole 'dyke and foundations' complex is largely as portrayed by the Commission. Although in places the former is substantial, it clearly only represents the remains of an 'enclosure' in as much as it delineates the limits of a field system which probably only just pre-dates the existing dry stone boundaries. (4)

The 'dykes' are the remains of old field boundary banks. (5)

NY 61861146 Medieval dyke: part of the deer park boundary at Hollins Scar (22506). The monument is a c130m length of dyke and ditch, it is aligned east-west, measures up to a maximum of 4.3m wide and 1.1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor; scheduled. (6)

NY 61501228 - NY 61481192 Medieval dyke: part of the deer park boundary and two Medieval shielings (22501). The monument is a c370m length of dyke, aligned north-south, measuring up to a maximum of of 4.2m wide by 1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor.
Additionally, five Medieval shielings were located in close proximity to lengths of dyke including a two-roomed shieling 'b' measuring c11m by 7m lying immediately to the west of this length of the dyke and a rectangular one-roomed shieling 'c' measuring c11m by 4m lying immediately to the south of this length of dyke; scheduled. (7)

NY 61271229 - NY 61321187 Medieval dyke: part of a deer park boundary west of Cow Green (22500). The monument is a c530m length of dyke, it is virtually semi-circular and encloses land to the east. It measures up to a maximum of 4.2m wide and 1.1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor. (8)

NY 61351242 - NY 61651282 Medieval dyke: part of deer park boundary north of Cow Green (22487). The monument is a 550m length of dyke and ditch, it is aligned approximately north-east - south-west and incorporates a zig-zag bend a little south of centre. It measures up to a maximum of 4.2m wide by 1.1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor. (9)

NY 60861099 - NY 61151139 - NY 61871101 Medieval dyke: part of a deer park boundary on Hazel Moor and two Medieval shielings (22504). The monument is a series of interconnected dykes c2.4km in total length, on, and to the east of, Hazel Moor. The longest arm of the dyke system runs for a little over 1km from the south-western corner of the moor in an approximately easterly alignment before turning north-east towards its eastern end. About a third of the way along this dyke an arm runs north across Hazel Moor for c500m and just north of the mid-point of this secondary arm another dyke branches off on a WNW/ESE alignment for c250m. At the south-western corner of Hazel Moor is a northerly aligned c220m length of dyke and close by are a number of shorter lengths with the two Medieval shielings adjacent 'e' and 'f'. The shielings are both rectangular, single roomed structures, one measuring c9.1m by 3.9m, the other measuring c12.8m by 3m. The dykes measure up to a maximum of 4.2m by 1.1m and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides; scheduled. (10)

NY 61691173 - NY 61951173 Medieval dyke: part of a deer park boundary at Crosby Gill (22505). The monument is a c280m length of dyke and ditch, it is aligned east - west and measures up to 4.2m wide and 1.1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor; scheduled. (11)

NY 61421175 Medieval dyke: part of a deer park boundary south of Cow Green (22502). The monument is a c160m length of dyke and ditch, it is aligned north - south but turns north-west - south-east at its southern end. It measures up to 4.2m wide and 1.1m high and is flanked by a ditch up to 1m wide on at least one and occasionally both sides. The dyke is one of seven lengths of dyke associated with a deer park at, or adjacent to, Cow Green, Crosby Gill and Hazel Moor. The deer park was enclosed in 1336 by the Threlkeld Family of Crosby Lodge and extended to about 700 acres; scheduled. (12)

NY 61381187 Medieval shieling south of Cow Green (22503 'd'). This monument is located c80m WSW of the southern end of dyke section no 22500. It is a rectangular single-roomed structure measuring c11m by 4m and is of boulder construction standing 1 course above ground level; scheduled. (13)

SOURCE TEXT

( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date)

OS 6" 1956

( 2) Royal Commission on Historical Monuments, England 1936 An inventory of the historical monuments in Westmorland

Page(s)89

( 3) Field Investigators Comments

F1 DS 04-OCT-72

( 4) Field Investigators Comments

F2 RWE 31-OCT-73

( 5) Field Investigators Comments

F3 ECW 23-NOV-73

( 6) General reference