MONUMENT NO. 1817

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DESCRIPTION

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Possible site of a tower, built before 1415, last documented in 1541. Traces of a number of earthwork dykes are also visible.

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Tower at Farnham (Thernham) (1)

Mentioned in the 1414 Survey as the Turris de Thernham. Described in the 1541 Survey as "a tower, of one Rog' Horseley in measurable good repair". (2)

Fragments of the tower were built into later houses near the site, where only its well now remains, and in particular the two curiously carved hoodmould stops placed, wrong way round, at the ends of a doorway head. (3)

The well is in the plantation on the north side of the present
farmhouse. There is no mentioned of the Pele found in any document met with after the 1541 Survey. (4)

At High Farnham are a series of dykes enclosing a field to the west of the steading and a portion of the field on each side of it. The dykes take in about 40 acres.

"In the field to the north side is firstly a dene and about 100 yds
beyond this a dyke commences a little below the road and runs down to the fence against the haugh. This is within the dyke to the corner of the field below the farm. The fence of this is on the level ground but the river (Coquet) will have shifted its bed in the gravels and we can form no idea where it may have been and it may have washed away any dyke. When we reach the SW corner of the field the dyke commences at a gate near the corner rising to climb the hill in the direction of Low Farnham. It keeps to the low side of a sunk road leading in that direction. When about half way over the field the dyke turns up to the east to about 50 yds from the road. It then returns northward through High Farnham and joins the dyke in the north field where we started".
"In the south field a water course goes through the dyke. About 50 yds south of this there are foundations of a building about 16 yds square, which looks as if by draining the water course the water could be made to surround it as a moat". These features may be evidence of the park mentioned in the grant of free warren to Richard de Horsley in 1307 and of the tower mentioned as belonging to Roger Horsley in 1415. (5)

The sculptured figure heads placed above a doorway in the farm buildings (Authority 3 refers) at High Farnham were brought over from Holystone nearly a century ago, according to tradition, and
probably came from a secular building formed out of the remains of the Nunnery. It is doubtful if they are pre-Reformation in date. (6)

Centred NT 96850245. The description of the dykes in the fields around High Farnham in authority (5) is generally correct except for errors in the use of cardinal points. The two stretches of bank still extant although not now connected appear to have enclosed an area of irregular shape measuring about 650.0m NW-SE and from 150.0m to 300.0m SW-NE. The banks are of earth 4.0m to 6.0m wide and varying in height from 0.7m to 1.2m. At one point near the NE corner of the area is an outer ditch 5.0m wide with a maximum depth of 0.7m. The bank is far stronger than the normal field banks found in this region and may well be part of a park pale as suggested by authority (5).

'A' NT96870243. The 'foundations of a building' referred to by authority (5) as being possibly the remains of the tower (authorities (1) (2) (3) & (4) refer) consist of an earth platform attached to the outside of the above mentioned bank. It measures 16.0m NW-SE by 13.0m NE-SW and has a maximum height of 1.3m. There are traces of a slight inner bank, max height 0.3m, on the lip of the platform. There are no traces of stonework in its composition or on the surface of the interior. The water course referred to in the penultimate paragraph of authority (5) commences a short distance NW of the platform and runs quite straight in a SSW direction for approx 150.0m. It cuts through the enclosure bank to the NW of the platform and appears to be merely a drainage ditch to take away surface water from the ground NE of the enclosure bank. The only trace of anything resembling a moat is to the SE of the platform where the enclosure bank has a slight outer ditch. In any case the slope of the ground in the vicinity of the platform would not permit the formation of a water obstacle.

Although the platform shows no trace of a building it is difficult to
see for what other purpose it could have been constructed. The site is good with a very fine southern aspect. It is therefore accepted that this platform is possibly the site of the tower.

The wall referred to by authorities (3) and (4) could not be located and there is no local knowledge of its existence. Approximately 60.0m north of High Farnham farmhouse and immediately west of an old dried up pond the ground is very stony, suggesting that buildings may have once stood here. This position would be somewhere near the well, said by authority (3) to be the sole remains of the tower. This evidence however is too slight for any conclusions to be made.

The sculptured figureheads mentioned by authority (3), and referred to by authority (6) as being of no significance to this site, are over a re-used Tudor doorway in the farm buildings a little to the SE of the farmhouse of High Farnham.

Local enquiries revealed no field names of significance. To the east and south-east there are traces of depopulation. Of the 14 cairns listed by F1, all were re-identified.

The dykes are as described by F1, but not forming a coherent topographic feature. The earthen platform 'A', suggested as the possible site of the tower, is also as described. Surveyed at 1:2500. (8)

The tower was recommended for garrisoning in 1509. (9)

SOURCE TEXT

( 1) Archaeologia Aeliana : or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity

R N Hadcock 16, 1939 Page(s)173

( 2) Archaeologia Aeliana : or miscellaneous tracts relating to antiquity

C J Bates 14, 1891 Page(s)18 44

( 3) Northumberland County History

15 Page(s)440

( 4) General reference

Upper Coquetdale 1903 267-8 (D Dixon)

( 5) Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne

1, 1956 Page(s)396-7

( 6) Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Newcastle upon Tyne

6, 1955 Page(s)156

( 7) Field Investigators Comments

F1 EG 30-MAY-57

( 8) Field Investigators Comments

F2 DS 15-JUN-70

(9) David J Cathcart King 1983 Castellarium anglicanum : an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the Islands. Volume II : Norfolk-Yorkshire and the islands

Page(s)348

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