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CHURCH OF ST MARY

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The parish Church of St Mary's situated within the walls of Portchester Castle. It was built for a priory of Augustinian canons founded in about 1128 by Henry I. The priory was removed to Southwick by 1150, possibly because the castle lacked space. The cloister lay to the south, between the church and the fort walls, but has been completely demolished. The only traces remaining are those of the lavatories of the reredorter which can be seen in the fort wall, and the scar where the west range joined the church. Built soon after 1130, the church was largely complete, although it is not known if it was finished prior to the move to Southwick. It was little altered in its later phase as the parish church of Portchester. Early in the seventeenth century the south transept was removed and the chancel reconstructed by Sir Thomas Cornwallis. Fire damage to the building by Dutch prisoners in 1653 was finally made good by Queen Anne's Bounty in 1706-10. The church is built to a simple cruciform plan, of ashlar blocks, with flat buttresses and plain round-headed windows. The building was restored in 1888. The churchyard contains a number of graves, notably those of maritime painter W L Wyllie RA and Thomas Goble RN, master mariner of HMS Victory at the battle of Trafalgar and vice-admiral to Lord Nelson.

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(SU 62530449) St Mary's Church. (1)

A priory of Austin Canons was founded 1133 (2) by Henry I in the Church of St Mary (3) which he had already built at Porchester. (5) The priory transferred to Southwick (SU 60 NW 6) between 1145 and 1153, (2) probably to avoid the military activity at Porchester Castle, (5) but retained the advowson of the priory church which became the parish church, until the Dissolution. (4)

The church, cruciform (the S transept has been destroyed) and unusually large, is almost entirely as it was originally built. The cloister and claustral buildings were on the south side. "Nothing of these is now to be seen ... except the traces of abutment against the church, and some arches of an ... arcade on the upper floor, at the south end of the eastern range, where it joined the Roman wall of the fortress. They evidently formed part of the reredorter, and shoots through the wall are to be seen below them. The Roman wall was cut away to some depth for their insertion ..." The doorways to the cloister are blocked. (2-6)

All that remains of the priory is the almost perfectly preserved Norman church. The only indications of the claustral buildings (the sites of which now form part of the burial ground) are the two blocked processional doorways in the south wall of the nave, the abutment of the roof of the north pane against the same wall and the arcade of nine bays over the shoots of the reredorter.
Within the chancel is a child's stone coffin, labelled as Roman (Probably from the Ro Fort SU 60 SW 1). Grade I. (7)

In normal use. (8)

Listed. (9)

Porchester Castle guidebook. The priory was removed to Southwick by 1150, possibly because the castle lacked space. The churchyard contains a number of graves, notably those of maritime painter W L Wyllie RA and Thomas Goble RN, master mariner of HMS Victory at the battle of Trafalgar and vice-admiral to Lord Nelson. (10-11)

SOURCE TEXT

( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date)

OS 6" 1930-8

( 2) by David Knowles and R Neville Hadcock 1953 Medieval religious houses : England and Wales

Page(s)150

( 3) edited by H Arthur Doubleday 1903 A history of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, volume two

The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)164

( 4) edited by William Page 1908 The Victoria history of Hampshire and the Isle of Wight, volume three

The Victoria history of the counties of England Page(s)151, 159-161

( 5) Royal Archaeological Institute The Archaeological Journal

42 (1885) Page(s)449-450

( 6) Ordnance Survey 1954 Map of monastic Britain : south sheet

( 7) Field Investigators Comments

F1 VJB 03-AUG-55

( 8) Field Investigators Comments

F2 ASP 22-JAN-69

(9) List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest

Fareham 22-OCT-1976

(10) by J T Munby 1990 Portchester Castle, Hampshire [official guide]

Page(s)20-22

(11) John Goodall 2008 Portchester Castle

Page(s)23

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