ODIHAM CASTLE

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A 13th century castle with the remains of an octagonal keep, inner and outer moat, and traces of an extramural settlement, situated on the site of an earlier, moated, castle. Used as a hunting lodge by the 15th century. Flint walls with stone dressings. Excavations during 1981-85 located an inner moat, and uncovered remains of buildings beneath the castle keep. The earliest buildings were dated to 1207-14. The keep was assigned to the early 13th century. Scheduled.

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(SU 72555187) ODIHAM CASTLE (G.T.) (Remains of) MOAT (G.T.). (1)

Odiham Castle, standing on an inner bend of the Whitewater, has two baileys, divided and defended all round by a moat. The buttressed, octagonal keep dating from c.1160, is in a ruinous condition but is still some 40 ft. high. The entrance has been destroyed but appears to have been at the second storey; both the second and third storeys have fireplaces and were well lighted. (2)

The moat seems originally to have been triple but this arrangement now only survives at the S.W. side and angle. The principal (inner) moat is 30-40' wide, water-filled and intact except where cut through by the Basingstoke Canal. "The ditches were not only defensive; they were used as fish-stews ...

To the N.E. or the smaller court are traces of an enclosure bounded by a deep ditch. (3)

The keep of this castle is as described by Toy: it is set slightly west of the centre of a rectangular raised area. On the east of this area is uneven ground containing flints and tile fragments probably marking the sites of buildings.

The raised area of the keep and buildings is bounded by a dry moat. On the S and part of the E. side this moat has been dug, but on the remaining sides it is formed by a bank averaging 6.0m. wide and 1.4 m. high. In the W. and at the N.W. corner is a similar, outer bank, presumably a further defence.

To the S.E. of the raised area is a rectangular bailey formed by a ditch, which has been incorporated into a modern hedgerow and drainage-ditch. The S.W. corner has been cut through by the Basingstoke Canal and on the S. side of the canal the corner of the ditch remains. On this side too, the additional banks of the W. side appear to be continued but are now too spread and mutilated to be surveyable.

On the N.E. side of the castle are shallow ditches which apparently form a third enclosure. That described by Dr. Williams-Freeman - as 'deep' is now mainly visible by weeds growing along its course. The area enclosed is not raised at all and forms part of a water-meadow. It seems probable that these ditches are for drainage of the area and not associated with the defensive earthworks. (4)

Published 1/2500 survey revised. No change. (5)

Grade I. (6)

Scheduled. (No.13). (7)

No change. 1:2500 Survey correct. (8)

Odiham Castle remains, listed grade I. (9)

Odiham Castle dated from 1207-14 and superceded an earlier royal residence at Odiham (on a different site). (10-12)

Excavations during 1981-1985 located an inner moat, and uncovered remains of buildings beneath the castle keep. The buildings were identified as part of King John's original castle and the octagonal keep provisionally assigned a a14th century date (cf. Authority 2). This date was later revised to 1225-6 when substantial reconstruction may have been necessary after the siege of 1216. The early 13th century monument appears to have consisted of a moated enclosure with at least two buildings, one of which may have been the `domus Regii' referred to in documentary evidence. The subsequent excavated sequence appears to follow the known historical sequence. The present keep would seem to be early 13th century, probably built in response to the siege of 1216, and was built in conjunction with the digging of an inner moat around it. At a later date a palisade was constructed around the inner moat. (13-16)

By the 15th century the site had lost its defensive significance and was being used as a hunting lodge, surrounded by a garden (cf. also SU 75 SW 8). (16-17)

A contour survey of the field immediately to the east of the castle site in 1986 identified what was thought to be the original castle approach and possible house platforms of a large extramural settlement. (SU75SW73) (18)

Additional bibliography. (19)

Odiham had been a royal residence in teh 12th century, but the present castle, built by King John from 1207 onwards, was built on a new site to the north-West of the town. According to a contemporary chronicler it was built for the King to enjoy hunting. Although usually in the King's hands, it was granted as a dowry to several Queen's until 1483, after which no mention of repairs are made. (20)

SOURCE TEXT

( 1) Ordnance Survey Map (Scale / Date)

O.S. 6" 1932

( 2) General reference

"Castles of Great Britain", 1953, Plan (S.Toy) Page(s)103-104

( 3) General reference

Field Archaeology as illustrated by Hampshire 1915, (J.P. Williams-Freeman) Page(s)67-69,388

( 4) Field Investigators Comments

F1 WW 23-JUN-56

( 5) Field Investigators Comments

F2 ASP 28-JUL-67

( 6) List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest

Hartley wintney Rural District. 1951 Page(s)63

( 7) by Department of the Environment, Ancient Monuments and Historic Buildings London 1978 List of ancient monuments in England: Volume 1, Northern England; Volume 2, Southern England; Volume 3, East Anglia and the Midlands

2 Page(s)103

( 8) Field Investigators Comments

F3 JGB 24-NOV-82

( 9) List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest

District of Hart, Hampshire (26-June-1987) 1687 Page(s)193

(10) R Allen Brown, H M Colvin and A J Taylor 1963 The history of the King's Works, volume 2 : the Middle Ages

Page(s)766-8

(11) General reference

Odiham Castle 1200-1500 1983 (P MacGregor)

(12) by David J Cathcart King 1983 Castellarium anglicanum : an index and bibliography of the castles in England, Wales and the islands. Volume I : Anglesey - Montgomery

Page(s)191

(13) Hampshire County Council Archaeology in Hampshire, annual report

1981 Page(s)25-26

(14) Hampshire County Council Archaeology in Hampshire, annual report

1982 Page(s)37-40,54

(15) Hampshire County Council Archaeology in Hampshire, annual report

1983 Page(s)52-55,97

(16) Hampshire County Council Archaeology in Hampshire, annual report

1984/5 Page(s)39-42

(17) Post-medieval archaeology : the journal of the Society for Post-Medieval Archaeology

18, 1984 Page(s)3615

(18) Hampshire County Council Archaeology in Hampshire, annual report

1986 Page(s)39

(19) by Geo T Clark 1884 Medieval military architecture in England. Volume 2

1884 2 Page(s)336-346

(20) R Allen Brown, H M Colvin and A J Taylor 1963 The history of the King's Works, volume 2 : the Middle Ages

Page(s)767-8

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MONUMENT NO. 1331080
ODIHAM

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Extra-mural settlement located in a field to the east of Odiham Castle.

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